07 Aug 2010 about Tag Question
反义疑问句的回答：
- 肯定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问句为肯定式时，其回答往往与汉语不一致，需特别引起注意：
“It isn’t cheap, is it?” “Yes, it is.” “它不便宜吧？”“不，很便宜。”
“He doesn’t love her, does he?” “No, he doesn’t.”“他不爱她，是吗？”“是的，他不爱她。”
- 否定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式时，其回答一般不会造成困难，一般只需照情况回答即可：
“It’s new, isn’t it?” “Yes, it is.” “是新的，对吗？”“对，是新的。”
“He wants to go, doesn’t he?” “No, he doesn’t.” “他想去，对吗？”“不，他不想去。”
- 回答反意疑问句的原则
回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着，对吗)，你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的，还没有睡着)，而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
反义疑问句的构成：
反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
(1) 反义疑问句常用来征求对方的看法。其结构为：+ - 或 - +
即前面的称述句为肯定形式，后面的疑问句用否定形式；或者相反。这两部分句子中的主语同指一人或事物，在时态、人称、数上应保持一致。另外，当前面部分为否定句时，要注意英文与汉语的回答不一样。
He’s to go home via Hongkong, isn’t he?
-–Yes, he is.
他准备经由香港回国，对吧？
–是的。
2) 前面是祈使句，其反义疑问句的表达方式为：
Let’s meet at the airport, shall we ?
我们在机场碰头，行不行？
Have a little more wine, will you ?
喝点儿酒，好吗？
(3) 当前面这部分句子中有barely, few, little, hardly, scarcely, seldom, never, nothing等否定词时，反义疑问句中要用肯定式。
They hardly ever went to the movies, did they?
他们几乎不去看电影，是不是？
(4) 当前面句子中的主语是everybody, nobody, somebody, everyone, no one ,someone, nothing, something时，反义疑问句中的代词用they。当前面句子中的主语为anything, everything, nothing, something 时,反义疑问句中的代词用it。
No one was hurt in the accident, were they?
没有人在这次事故中受伤，是不是？
Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?
一切似乎都正常，是吗？
(5) 当前面句子中出现I am…结构时，后面的反义疑问句中用aren’t I.
I’m late, aren’t I?
我迟到了，是吗？
(6) 复合句的反义疑问句
I didn’t think he was happy, was he?
我认为他并不幸福，是不是？
I don’t suppose that he cares ,does he?
我认为他并不关心，是不是？
四六级考点：
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren’t I.
I’m as tall as your sister，aren’t I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn’t / oughtn’t +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he? / shouldn’t he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don’t +主语（didn’t +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn’t +主语或 usedn’t +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn’t +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
9) 陈述部分有You’d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn’t +主语。
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn’t he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven’t you? / didn’t you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren’t they?
What a smell, isn’t it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其 实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn’t he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn’t he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can’t she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don’t they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don’t do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won’t you ?
注意： Let’s 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陈述部分是”there be”结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn’t it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20) must在表”推测”时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn’t he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won’t it?
test:
http://www.eflnet.com/tutorials/tagquestions.php
http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/tags.php
*more links:
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1656124.htm
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_question
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-questions-tag.htm
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tagquestions.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/tagqueterm.htm
Til next time,
at 00:00
